Candide Discussion Postings: Panglossian Optimism: “Everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds.”

 

  1. Explain how the statement: “Everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds.” is different from the statement: “Everything is for the best.”
  2. Can either of these statements possibly be true?  If yes, explain how they can be true.  If not, explain why not.
  3. If this, however horrible, is the best of all possible worlds, then are not worldly conditions, as they are, the best that they can possibly be?
  4. What are the conditions of Candide’s world? To what extent does Candide’s world resemble ours?
  5. Is life in our world ever as “horrible” as it appears to be in Candide’s world?
  6. What factors cause the conditions of Candide’s world?
  7. To what extent can mankind in general or individuals in particular affect or influence the conditions of life in either Candide’s world or our own?
  8. To what extent are the following characters responsible for their actions and experiences?  In other words, do they or can they do anything to change the course of their lives?
  9. What role does perception and/or perspective play in the experience and/or interpretation of reality?
  10. How do the characters in Candide’s world respond to the “reality” of their experience?
  11. Is suffering actually suffering if its effects are, if not ignored, blindly or blandly accepted by the sufferers, not to mention by the perpetrators of that suffering?
  12. In what way(s) does Candide’s attitude toward or approach to the world change during the course of the narrative?
  13. What does Candide mean when he decides that “we must cultivate our garden”?
  14. Does the decision that “we must cultivate our garden” signal a departure from “this is the best of all possible worlds,” or is it simply another way of saying the same thing?  Explain your answer.

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